Mrkh

Depression, anxiety and low self-esteem in woman with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) Abstract Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is a rare syndrome that not only causes physical conditions but emotional. The psychological effects of woman diagnosed with MRKH have never been fully discovered. The hypothesis and or purpose of this study is to evaluate self-report measures of psychological distress in woman with MRKH syndrome compared to woman without MRKH syndrome.A group of woman with MRKH will be assessed through anxiety, depression, and self-esteem scales to determine any psychological distress MRKH had on them when they first received the diagnosis up until later on in life. Similar studies and theories believe that coping with infertility can be taxing and cause psychological issues throughout a woman’s life. I belief observing woman when diagnosed with MRKH as well as following up with woman after dealing with the initial shock of this syndrome will give insight to being able to give proper coping skills to not only woman with MRKH syndrome but woman with infertility issues.Keywords: MRKH, anxiety, depression, infertility, menstrual disorders Introduction MRKH is a rare condition found in approximately 1 in 5000 female births, and it is typically diagnosed in mid-adolescence (Leidolf, 2006). The psychosexual development and the identity, femininity, body image and self-esteem of the patients can be significantly impaired by receiving this type of information about their bodies (Laggari, et al. , 2009). Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome is a condition that involves congenital absence of the vagina, fallopian tubes, cervix and/ or uterus.Some women have uterine remnants, or horns. External genitalia are normal. Chromosome karyotype is 46XX(normal female). The incidence rate is approximately one in 5000. Other symptoms involved to varying degrees are kidney abnormalities, skeletal problems and hearing loss. The cause is somewhat unclear, but the Syndrome occurs during the 4th-6th week of fetal development (Heller-Hoersma, Schmidt, Edmons, 2009). MRKH syndrome is divided into two types; type I Rokitansky sequence and type II MURCS association.Isolated utero-vaginal aplasia is referred to as Rokitansky sequence or to type I (isolated) MRKH syndrome. Incomplete aplasia and/or associated with other malformations, is generally referred to as MURCS association (or type II MRKH syndrome) (Camborieux, Guerrier, Morcel, 2007). Many components go into each case found with MRKH syndrome. Surgery may be in order to have a correctly functioning vagina in many cases. There are many different elements that can affect woman with MRKH syndrome physically and psychologically.Menstruation is considered to be one of the archetypal symbols of femininity and thus constitutes a phenomenon of great significance in the nature of woman (Laggari, et al. , 2009). Living in a world where fertility is a virtue can cause many c onfusing thoughts for those who are infertile. Adolescent girls struggle when trying to figure out who they are as kids and as women. Magazines, Television and Role Models stress the importance of becoming a mother and giving birth.Seeing pregnant women on a day-to-day basis as well as displayed as beautiful in the media shapes a certain image in girls’ minds. When diagnosed with MRKH many women feel confused, angry, and hurt. Adjusting to the diagnosis of MRKH is a difficult and traumatic process for these women, leading them to question their identity as women and to experience a sense of confusion regarding their gender, their bodies, and their social and sexual roles (Leidolf, 2006). Being diagnosed as abnormal can lead to many questions about ones identity.Many women who struggle with infertility difficulties struggle with psychological difficulties. MRKH syndrome is a rare disorder and has been limitedly studied. Looking at the connection between psychological stress wi th woman who have MRKH and those who do not will give insight to many syndromes that deal with infertility issues for example polycystic ovary syndrome. Studies that have been taken have shown a strong connection between anxiety and depression with woman with MRKH syndrome. Limited sample sizes have caused strain in the past studies.A past study states; â€Å"very little is known about the short and long-term psychological impact of MRKHS in females, but several clinicians have suggested that the physical malformations, absence of menstruation and infertility and the subsequent surgical intervention may all contribute to narcissistic damage in these patients† (Laggari, et al. , 2009). Finding out this information can help doctors prepare in helping woman cope with the struggles of infertility. In women with MRKH is it not only the struggle with infertility but also the conflict of identity.Many of these patients may also become depressed questioning themselves over their gend er and doubting their ability to fulfill the female role as adults in the future. They report that infertility is the most difficult part of the condition for young woman to accept (Laggari, et al. , 2009). Doing two personal interviews with patients with MRKH syndrome really helped get into the eyes of how one dealt with the overwhelming feelings of being diagnosed with this syndrome as a teen, and dealing with and living with MRKH as an adult.This interview will help in the preparation for the study we hope to perform for the future. Having such a rare disorder makes it not only difficult to study but difficult to find participants. Finding those with MRKH syndrome around the world willing to participate in this interview was very helpful. A set of interview questions was produced to ensure the best quality answers. Fake names were used to ensure the privacy of patients. Interview Questions 1. How old were you when you found out you had MRKH syndrome 2. How did you find out you ha d MRKH syndrome . What were the feelings/emotions you felt when you found this out? 4. Was there anything that doctors could have improved on? 5. Was there a support system available? Or something you would have liked to see? 6. Was there anything that would have made finding out and dealing with having MRKH easier? I asked two participants of different ages. Both woman were asked the same questions; Alicia fifty years of age, and Jessica twenty-two years of age. Alicia was diagnosed with MRKH at the age of fifteen, she found out due to â€Å"not having a normal size vagina. â€Å"Only a dimple sized vagina. † When she found out she was devastated, the doctors were pocking and prodding at her not having a support system treating her like some kind of experiment. â€Å"Today I am very thankful and try to be of any help to girls who are struggling with what I went through, never wanting a girl to have to go through it alone like I did. I know how hard it can be and believe a strong support system is very important. † Jessica is only twenty-two years of age and found out she had MRKH at fourteen years of age due to a lack of menstruation.Jessica said she was very confused, she thought something was wrong with her because she was different from all of her friends. After she found out she had MRKH she was overwhelmed but glad she didn’t feel so lost and alone. Jessica said she still went through a great deal of depression and grieving but it was great having a support group and having many girls that were going through the same thing. I found it very interesting to see the differences in answers between Alicia and Jessica due to their difference in age.Even though MRKH syndrome is still a very rare syndrome the doctors dealing with this syndrome are trying to improve on the support systems to keep improving on the psychological effects that this emotional syndrome can have on women. Methodology Section Recent studies have been performed trying to evaluate self-report measures of psychological distress in woman with MRKH syndrome compared to woman without MRKH syndrome but have none have fully succeded. Past studies have struggled with finding a significant sample size.I plan to contact woman with MRKH syndrome not only in the United States but also the United Kingdom. Having a bigger range will help get a more significant sample size. The four main MRKH doctors will be contacted in hope they will participate in this study. Helping find patients through this source will not only be helpful but more successful. I hope to find a central location to perform this study. Boston, Massachusetts is one of the central hubs for the MRKH community and believe it would be a great location for the experiment to take place.Before the experiment was to start I believe all the woman should be informed that there is a support system available at all times, if they are in any way uncomfortable they do not need to feel pressured to answer a ny questions, and or can return as they please not having a time limit. I believe that this is a very difficult subject and should be treated with the utmost care. Dealing with infertility and identity issues can cause great psychological stress on a woman. I believe looking at anxiety, depression and self-esteem would be a good start to looking at the psychological effects MRKH syndrome has had on women.Using The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is a widely used questionnaire and is the depression rating scale that is most often used with adolescents. BDI consists of 16 items, designed to assess the cognitive behavioral effective and somatic components of depression, and the severity or self-reported depressive symptoms (Laggari, et al. , 2009). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which is used extensively to assess global anxiety that varies across situations and anxiety that is stable across time and situations. The STAI is composed of two separate self-report scales (Laggari, et al. 2009). Rosenburg Self-Esteem scale is 10 items being rated strongly agrees to strongly disagree. This questionnaire observes how one views one’s own worth. Using these scales will let us observe the difference between woman with MRKH and woman without MRKH. Because MRKH is such a stressful syndrome the belief is the results will show significantly higher ratings in depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in woman with MRKH syndrome. It is important to following up with the woman who participated in the study years after the diagnosis.Looking to see the hopeful progress a woman has made in dealing with the diagnosis is important to helping women in the future. Using similar scales to assess their psychological state would be beneficial to track their progress. Reviewing and comparing both scales will then give an accurate depiction of the psychological effects that MRKH syndrome can have on a woman. I believe it is very important to make sure that a woman is stab le enough to participate in these studies after being diagnosed with MRKH.Many women have been known to go through severe depression and even attempt suicide after dealing with infertility issues, needing time to go through a proper grieving process. We want to get accurate measures, but want to make sure that participants are emotionally stable after leaving the experiment. References Laggari, V. , Diareme, S. , Christogiorgos, S. , Deligeorglou, E. , Chrisopoulos, P. , Tsiantis, J. , & Creatsas, G. (2009). Anxiety and depression in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 30(22). 3-88. Laure Camborieux, Daniel Guerrier, Karine Morcel. (2007). Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 13. Leidolf, E. (2006). The missing vagina monologue†¦and beyond. Journal of Gay Lesbian Psychotherapy. 10(2), 77-92. Heller-Boersma, J. G. , Schmidt, U. H. , & Edmons, D. (2009). Psychological distress in women with uterovaginal agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome. MRKH). Psychosomatics; Journal of Consultation Liason Psychiatry. 50(3). 277-281. Parker, L. (2012, November). Personal Interview Taylor, T. (2012, November). Personal Interview

Cultural Approach Towards Brandsing by Starbucks

Study of cultural approach taken by Starbucks to branding in global marketplace ABSTRACT: _The international marketing promises to solve managerial problems using technical and universalizing approach. Ethnocentric approach to branding is been adopted by the researchers. As the global market develops this seems to be problematic. Thus it is important that some key premises and foundation needs to be revised. The branding research needs to be historically and contextually grounded, polycentric in orientation, and acutely attuned to the symbolic significance of brands of all types. INTRODUCTION: Brands are going everywhere in the global popular market. The Nike tick mark, the Coco-Cola symbol or McDonald’s M triggers tens and hundreds of responses. Brands are becoming integral part of our culture thus there is a great need for international marketing scholars to change with the changing global market condition and also contribute to the public dissonance of branding practices. T he theory and tools available are not sufficient to analyze the complexity of globalization and the brands role in it. The international marketing still does not suggest the appropriate theoretical and methodological challenges brought by globalization, and also in branding. AIM: Study of cultural approach taken by Starbucks to branding in global marketplace. OBJECTIVE: Theoretical and methodological blueprint for studying the cultural role of Starbucks in global market. LITERATURE REVIEW: 1. A* Cultural Approach to Branding in the Global Marketplace*. Review: Related Questions: Premises: What cultural differences (national, regional) do branding strategies embed? How have different branding concepts and theories emerged and for what purposes? Analytical approach: How do traditional brand landscapes affect globalized brands? How do brands at different geographical scales interact in market space? What kinds of mythic elements make for good brand stories? Can we predict the emergence of â€Å"antibrands† (e. g. , Mecca Cola, fair trade)? Units of analysis: How do brands globalize? To what degree do various brand architectures translate across cultures? Is it possible to develop an archive of commercially compelling narrative elements? Review: The Starbucks Brandscape and Consumers’ (Anti-corporate) Experiences of Globalization Review: Significance of Research: Help Starbucks understand the cultural effect on globalization. Help Starbucks to adopt appropriate strategy depending on the cultural aspects and consumer behavior geographically. Data collection: Journals from Internet. Personal visit to Starbucks. Interview with the staff and manager of Starbucks. BIBLOGRAPHY: Burgess, Steven M. and Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp (2006), â€Å"Marketing Renaissance: How Research in Emerging Consumer Markets Advances Marketing, 23 (4), 337–56. Aaker, Jennifer and Patti Williams (1998), â€Å"Empathy Versus Pride: The Research, 25 (December), 241–61.

INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCIAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCIAL LAW - Essay Example The bill proposes a law that changes the responsibility of distribution of pokie funds. The bill advocates for transparency, efficient and ethical behaviour in response to particular ethnic communities. The pokie machines seem to be overly represented in the lower-income communities and the bill therefore focuses on equity and reduction of harm in such locations. The member in charge of this specific bill is Mr. Te Ururoa Flavell. He is a family man married to Mrs. Erana and together with their five children they live in Ngongotaha, Rotorua. He has a rich background of leadership having spent a better part of his life working in the education circles. He was a teacher, later a principal and a CEO of Whare Wananga, an education consultant, including other leadership positions at other high levels. He is a member of the Maori civil rights movement, which has been his political party for a considerable time. Flavell has an urge for representing an independent political voice and distinc tly expressing the dreams and aspirations of the people of his community, the Ngati Rangiwewehi and Ngapuhi. In NewZealand there are several types of bills within the parliament. There are the private bills, government bills, member’s bills, and local bills. ... The current bill that we are looking into is known as the Governments bill. It is usually prepared by the ministers and is laid before the House. The government conducts this programme in order to act efficiently on its policies. The house also has a decision to make an order with which it will consider the views that have been presented before the house. The first readings of the task took place on the 4th of April and the next session was at 12th May 2009, five weeks away. On the first session the bill is usually presented and the debating comes in during the second reading. For a bill to be passed there has to be a considerable number of sittings after which the members allow it to pass as a law or be discarded. Currently the Gambling (Gambling Harm Reduction) Amendment bill is waiting to undergo its final stage where it will be passed as a law. Since all citizens have a right of speech and therefore given the provisions of the bill, a business can reject a portion of the bill if the given portion will have a larger and long term effect on the business. If they are operating within the mandate and as per the provisions of the bill and this negatively affects the community in the long term then they will reject it. Gambling, in its location in the moral and ethical dimension has for a long time generated heated debate. Research has showed that gambling has greater effects psychologically and in terms of behaviour. Gambling has with time become socially acceptable as it is seen as one of the fastest growing industries. Also the casinos have become a major source of revenue for some Native American reservationists and as well have created job opportunities for women helping them adjust their lifestyles especially in New Zealand as well as other states. Those who

Investments in Emerging Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Investments in Emerging Countries - Essay Example Higher global crude oil price is expected to benefit Russia’s economic recovery. But this benefit will be carried away by the expected capital outflows. The capital outflow of Russia is much higher compared to that of the inflow. Business Risks in Czech Republic: The political risk of Czech Republic is lesser compared to that of Russia. Rising oil price is one of the business risks in Czech Republic. Annual oil production of the country is much below its annual oil consumption. (Theodora, 2011) Therefore, the rising oil bills will increase cost of production and paving way for an inflationary situation in the country. Another risk of the country is the strict legal system. Bureaucracy is at an increased rate in the country. Another risk factor is that the capital market of the country is small. Czech Republic is mostly an export related economy with majority of its exports being to other European countries. Therefore, the performance of the country’s economy depends lar gely on the stability of other European nations. Best Investment: The analysis of business risks at both the countries show that Czech Republic is better placed with less investment risks than Russia. Economic factors are positive to Czech Republic than Russia. Therefore, Czech Republic is the better investment destination than Russia. Works Cited World Economic Forum (2010) Current Investment Risk in Russia. Retrieved May 20 2011.

Letter of intent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Letter of intent - Essay Example Overtime, when I joined my college level, I came across a certain book in the school library known as ‘Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership’ by Marriner-Tomey. This book motivated me because I leant varied strategies for advancing nursing leadership and management skills. The book also inspired me because it revealed practical management practices for a range of workplace issues including diversity, stress management and evidence-based practices in the health care settings. My education experience in nursing field has enabled me to not only acquire significant nursing skills but also understand the needs of patients in the society. I graduated with an Associate degree in nursing, in 1991 from the university. While at the university, one of my professors, who were guiding us in laboratory activities, became my greatest mentor in nursing field. Besides, I have done several research projects and the internship activities especially handling patients with minor issues and helping nurses in hospital. Thus, the internship greatly influenced my career because the opportunity taught me the significance of teamwork, building mutual rapport with others, listening carefully and communicating effectively with patients, as well, as my co-workers. I believe that with my strong research projects on nursing field and ability to communicate effectively will make me well suited to pursue my dreams in nursing education track. I am obliged to utilize my talents in constructive manner that will benefit the society. Thus, the nursing education track will offer me an opportunity to express my talents while benefiting the society. I will be graduating this May with a Bachelors degree in Nursing. Therefore, I believe that by pursuing masters of Science in nursing education track, I will advance management for profession nursing practice and prepare for effective patient-centered health care delivery. I am obliged to achieve

Reflection paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reflection paper - Assignment Example Since it is against the Gods will, gay marriage should be highly discouraged and should not be accorded same rights as the heterosexual type of a marriage. Marriage is biblical and it means that it is Godly and in this case, God created marriage to be between different sexes unlike homosexuality, which is demonic, and contrast to the word of God. It’s impossible to get children through people of the same sex since reproduction takes place only if opposite sexes are involved. In this case, individuals involved in homosexuality can only get children through adoption or paying someone else to assist in getting a child and therefore, denies a child either a mother or a father.Basically,this kid will be raised by either mother or father who they do not have same blood relationship. Gay marriage also encourages immorality and homosexuality in the society (Spilsbury 36) Homosexuality does not help in procreation or the create families since its an unproductive union if a child is needed one is supposed to go to an extent of employing someone to help in getting a

IS Strategy for the Business of Johnsons Plc Essay

IS Strategy for the Business of Johnsons Plc - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that modern and efficient technology always attracts common and business people. In this decade the new information technology such as IS and an IT-based system has offered an exceptional influence on the diverse aspects. Additionally, the emergence of e-commerce or web-based business has offered a lot of advantages to business corporations. In addition, the application and utilization of new technology-based tools and systems have offered better support for the business operational automation in addition to enhanced management. In case of traditional business practices the business managers along with administration nowadays competently comprehend the significance of technology and its potential influence on the better business and corporate support. The need for the new technology-based systems and support is now considered very vital in every area of business. Additionally, the business management and administration have now realized tha t without a proper technology-based system and operational support through new technology-based systems, there is no way to manage a business effectively and obtain a better competitive edge for the business. Johnson's plc manufactures and trades a range of office fixtures products, comprising chairs, desks, tables and special computer furniture. Johnson's plc has established a long time ago and now evolved into an immense business arrangement with the staff of 60 people along with sales earnings of  £2.5m for the previous year. The business comprises a lot of business departments like management, sales, purchase, manufacturing, advertising, etc. In addition, all the departments are presently operational through the traditional business handling and management arrangements. In this scenario, the business is facing some of the major and critical handling and operational complexities of the better business and operational management.

Improving One's Writing Skills via Mastering Literal Skills Essay - 2

Improving One's Writing Skills via Mastering Literal Skills - Essay Example The meticulously written articles in magazines and graphically vivid details illustrated by novel writers tend to be attractive, and challenging in willing me to write similar pieces of literal work but with my touch of originality. Writing began with writing letters to my friends back in Korea and informing them of the changes and differences in culture between the two countries. The intriguing part was the ability to capture the details and put them in a new language portraying my actual emotions and interests abut a new country. I also kept a diary and a journal to document the everyday occurrences in my life, as well as all my embarrassing moments. I find writing enjoyable as I can express that which I feel without any inhibitions of offending others or having to withhold my true emotions. This is achieved through keeping a diary and writing short stories, although not everyone gets to read them, except my close friends and family. In addition, writing helps to think clearly by putting my train of thought in sequential order for later reference. This way it helps organize my thoughts to come up with logical explanations and rational thought thus my love for writing. My writing ability is not that good yet, but I enjoy writing any works that I can think of. I believe I hold good potential in bettering my writing skills to a higher level of communication and interaction with the readers of my works. I think I lack the ability to draw and capture the attention of readers for extended periods. This is in terms of holding their attention and keeping them interested as most of my works tend to be a rollercoaster of interest and disinterest, all depending on the readers emotional and logical inclination. In this course, I hope to develop the ability to master literal skills so that my written works do not end up sounding bland, general or below par.  

Human Resources Management 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Resources Management 4 - Essay Example After implementing the policy of casual dress policy, Digital Device started to face few issues. The employee’s behavior became more casual with the clients resulting in complaints to the sales manager. The Casual dress should be allowed but there should also be certain rules and regulations with respect to casual dressing among the employees. The policy should be revised in accordance with the HR manager and list of approved and not approved items. However after implementing the casual dress policy and revising it again after few months might not be acceptable for the employees and they might not agree to the revised list as to which of the type of casual dress to be followed. It is very important to communicate the changes that are to be taken place in the organization to its respective employees. Here the HR department plays a vital role as it is the duty of the HR to communicate the revised policy to the employees. The revised policy can be communicated personally to each department by conducting meetings with the respective teams by the HR head. This might have a positive impact on the employees rather than just sending mails and listing the revised policy in the notice board. The policy of losing the job if one found to be guilty of smoking or stealing has been practiced in most of the organizations. The new policy treat cigarettes as an illegal narcotic and aims to adopt a free smoker free workplace. If the policy is mentioned in the contract before joining the organization it can be viewed to be legal and very much ethical. The organizations aim to provide with a healthy working area and also ensuring proper health of the employees. At Health Unlimited each of the employees is required to sign a statement stating that the employee is a non smoker and will not smoke either at work or away from work. It was also stated that if anybody found guilty would be discharged from the job.

The Past, Present, and Future of Los Angeles Research Paper

The Past, Present, and Future of Los Angeles - Research Paper Example Even though oil was discovered well before the beginning of twentieth century, significant oil production started in Los Angeles only in the beginning of the twentieth century. In the 1920’s Los Angeles was able to produce one quarter of the world's total oil supply. Wilmington oil field in Los Angeles is still one of the largest oil fields in the world. With the exception of Wilmington oil field, all of the large oil fields in the Los Angeles area were discovered between 1920 and 1930. These include Huntington Beach in 1920, Long Beach and Santa Fe Springs in 1921, and Dominguez in 1923. Another important discovery during the decade was Kettleman Hills oil field in Kings County in 1928. The development of these fields caused a flood of oil to reach the market, reducing the price (Oil And Gas Production: History in California, p.6). The oil revenue helped Los Angeles to develop rapidly which is evident from the fact that it hosted 1932 summer Olympics. The stadiums built for t his Olympics had around 100000 seating capacity, which are still used for conducting various sports events. Because of the rapid developments in Los Angeles in 1920’s and 30’s, people from all over the world started to migrate to California in general and Los Angeles in particular. â€Å"By 1920 southern California’s population had surpassed that of northern California, and in the next several years Los Angeles experienced â€Å"the largest internal migration in the history of the American people†(Los Angeles). The development of industry in general and automobile industry in particular took place during this period in Los Angeles. Even though migration caused huge diversity in Los Angeles population in 20’s and 30’s, whites were the dominant community still. Racism and discrimination were visible in Los Angeles’s social life during this period. The Great Depression caused huge problems in Los Angeles in 1930’s. Unemployment r ate was grown significantly during this period. However, Los Angeles was able to conduct the 1932 Olympics successfully amidst huge economic problems. Being the second largest city in America, present face of Los Angeles is entirely different from that in 1920’s and 30’s. In 1920’s, population size in Los Angeles was around 600000 whereas at present it is around 4000000. Even though automobile industry was one of the prominent employment sectors until recent times, 2007 global recession caused problems in this sector and many of the prominent automobile manufacturers forced to close down their units. Even though unemployment rate was dropping until 2007, it again started to increase from 2007 onwards because of recession. It should be noted that unemployment rate in Los Angeles was in between 6 to 7% at the beginning of 2000 whereas at present it is around 11 to 12%. â€Å"Once the whitest city in America, Los Angeles is now the most multicultural city in the h istory of the world†(Los Angeles Now). The ethnic face of Los Angeles has changed a lot in the past. As mentioned earlier, Los Angeles was a White dominated city in the past whereas at present it is a Latino dominated or Black dominated city. â€Å"According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 46 percent of the city’s population identifies as white, 46 percent as Latino, 11 percent as African American and 10 percent as Asian. (Total percentages add up to more than 100 because many people identify as being multiracial)† (Los Angeles: A century of Change). The above statistics clearly

The Zoos Are Really Very Cruel to Wild Animals Essay Example for Free

The Zoos Are Really Very Cruel to Wild Animals Essay All I can say is that through my opinion zoos are really very cruel to wild animals. Why is this so ? Well because they don’t think of the wild animals habitat and the liberty which they need. The shock of being in captivity would actually depress the animals; they would even act violently and might hurt people near them. And it is not the animal to be fault. Firstly, the ecosystem became unbalanced. Secondly If the humans kept the wild animals in the zoo, they will ruin their food chain. Animals need to run a lot, but their kept in the zoo where it is lack of spacious area. They need to hunt for their own food, however while in the zoo the foods are provided. There is no freedom for the animals for being kept by humans. Worst case possible is animals would get depressed and attack people randomly. People should not blame the animals if they got attacked; it is their own fault for keeping the animals in cages. Animals can die prematurely in zoos. For eg. In 1991 twenty-five Asiatic Lions were born in zoos around the world 22 of them died. In the same year 166 cheetahs were born in zoos, of which 112 died. And the last but the most important is that the animals are born naturally in the wild and us humans cannot provide them what nature gives for their needs. This is the crucial motive where animals should be freed   Or they should put them in sanctuaries instead and ask people to do animal safaris if they wanted to see the animals . at least the animals will get their freedom and live in peace.

How the area of a wire affects the resistance in a circuit Essay Example for Free

How the area of a wire affects the resistance in a circuit Essay Electricity is conducted through a conductor. Resistance is the word used to describe the opposition between forces. The more free electrons there are, the better the conduction and the worse the resistance is. The more atoms vibrate, the more resistance there is. The free electrons are given energy, as a result they move and collide with the surrounding electrons. This happen throughout the whole wire. This is how the electricity is conducted. Resistance is the result of energy loss in form of heat. How do we measure it? V=I/R V=Voltage I =Current R=Resistance Ohms Law. This law states that the current through a metallic conductor (wire) at a constant temperature is proportional to the potential difference (Voltage). Therefore the Voltage and Current is constant. If the resistance increases the temperature increases, so it stays constant. At higher temperatures the particles move more quickly, increasing the collision of the free electrons. Possible Input Variables Wire area Wire thickness Wire length Applied voltage Material Taught connections Cross-sectional shape Insulated Density of wire Coiled or not Temperature Preliminary Experiments. Easy to measure? Easy to change Wire area V V Wire thickness X X Wire length V V Applied voltage V V Material X V Taught connections X X Cross-sectional shape X X Insulated X V Density of wire V X Coiled or not V V Temperature V V Applied I or V by a double cell which is measured by digital volt and ammeter. I will find out the Resistance by the formula using R=V/I. Wire area. It is difficult to change the area. A possible solution would be to add wires and twist them together. Coiled or not? It has not got an obvious affect. The Voltage and Current didnt increase or decrease. Temperature. My idea was to set up a water bath to keep the wire at a same temperature at every point. I would experiment with temperatures from 20? C-100 (room temperature to the boiling point of water) Wire length. Is very easy to set up. There is a very large range of results. Chosen Input variable I chose wire area as my variable because it is has a better variety of results. I will have 8 wires with the same cross sectional area. It would be to expensive using different cross sectional sizes of wire. I will put the wire parallel to each other an twist them add the end to increase the area of the wire. My chosen output variable is resistance because that is what I am looking for in the wire. Fair Test In the experiment I am not going to change anything ( wire length and applied voltage). The only thing I will change is the area of the wire (input variable). I will use the same equipment throughout the test, to make sure it is a fair test. If I would use different equipment it may give me different readings. I am using a safety resistor, so that the current is the same and that the wire will not overheat. It would not be a fair test if the wire would heat because it would give my different sets of results at different temperatures. It could also be a safety hazard if the wire overheats. Method Cut eight wires of the same cross sectional area in 35cm length (only 30cm of wire measured because I have to attach crocodile clips on each side   The equipment is as following: 2 cell Battery Ammeter+ Voltmeter Safety Resistor 8 wires (35cm) 2 crocodile clips   My circuit will look as following:   Let electricity pass through the circuit and note down the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter. Add more wires to the circuit and continue as planned   Make three sets of results through an accurate experiment Prediction I will expect that if the area of the wire increases the resistance will decrease. This can be proven by background physics of the past. Observation Test Results Nr. of wires   This graph shows the voltages I measured Nr. of wires This graph shows the Current I measured Nr. of wires R1 R2 R3 Rave Area m^2 1/Area   This graph shows me the resistance and resistance average I have worked out. It also includes the formulas for the Area and 1/Area My Graphs are on a separate sheet of graph paper. Analysis My graph shows me that if I increase the area the resistance decreases. I have plotted two graphs to give me a wider range of results and averages in different areas (1/Area and Area m^2). My Area graph looks like a y =1/X graph X Y 1 1 2 0. 5 3 0. 333 4 0. 25 To reassure this I have plotted an average 1/Area. If it is correct then I should get a straight line. When I plotted the graph I had a straight line. This tells me that the average is proportional to 1/Area i. e. Rave ? 1/Area. The slope is: y/x= 10. 5/16= 0. 66 ? /mi I am ignoring the offset on my 1/Area graph This experiment shows me that resistance is definitely affected by the area of the wire. Looking at my background physics it has worked out like resistors on a parallel circuit. When attaching another wire to the experiment it acts like adding another parallel resistor in a parallel circuit. So if the area of the wire increases the resistance decreases. Also I have learned if the voltage goes down the resistance goes up Evaluation I found this experiment easy to do. I had no anomalies on my graph. This means that the points I have plotted are all in a acceptable arrangement. There were no experimental caused by a faulty connection. There were no safety hazards and the experiment was safe to do.

PIA Business and Management Analysis

PIA Business and Management Analysis In 1959, the Government of Pakistan took an initiative of appointing Air Commodore Nur Khan as the M.D (Managing Director) PIA, with his effective approach and visionary leadership, PIA had shown impressive growth and success within a half-decade, acquired the market as one of the leading airlines around the globe. In the history of aviation, this short span of half a decade referred to as the golden era of PIA . The key goals and commitments for new management are development, expansion, and growth and so on by 1960, PIA introduced first Boeing 707 service from London to Karachi and Karachi to Dhaka, proved as a major success. Successful accomplishment resulted in PIA becoming the first Asian Airline to operate jet aircraft, setting examples for the future. In 1961, the airline took an extremely extravagant decision of initiating a cross-Atlantic service from Karachi to New York. PIAs services had carried some over 70,000 passengers during the first year of operation. At times, it was acknowledged as a stellar operation, equal to any other in the world. Due to couple, unfortunate accidents resulted the discontinuation of service in 1966. PIA, in 1962, the wisdom of PIA management. finding the upper winds forecast favorable, PIA set a record of fastest air travel service between London to Karachi in a record time of 6 hours, 43 minutes and 51 seconds, that remains unbroken till date, with the representation of FAI (Federal Aeronaut International). 1964 was another historic year for PIA in terms of achievements and historically acknowledged as a pioneer in the checkered history of the airline. On 29th April, 1964, a Boeing 720B, PIA becomes the first airline from a non-communist country to fly into the Peoples Republic of China. PIAs very first service to Republic of China was from Karachi to Shanghai via Canton. By next year PIA increased number of planes by introducing another Boeing 720B and two more F-27s. As a national institution, PIAs development, had become a serious reality and the PIA team continued to achieve its ambitious plans and goals for the national flag carrier. A system of feeder services linking eight points in West Pakistan was introduced in 1966 at the times the airlines viscount were proving insufficient ownership to fast growth and to be replaced by tridents and the growth curve was on high, adding two F-27s and Boeing 707s following year. In 1964-65 the top slot of PIA was taken over by Air Vice Marshal, Asghar Khan for a tenure of 3 years. The introduction of new uniforms for the air hostesses by a well renowned French designer, Pierre Cardin was the most colorful change, if not the most significant at times of highest attributes that changed the entire aviation industry in terms of crew staff and taken as storm by the world. This inspirational move leave a success mark in the industry for PIA and the new uniform was an instant hit both at home and in abroad. Another achievement of PIA was, to become the first airline to get certification (first/lnitial certification) on SMS(Safety Management System) by CAA Civil Aviation Authority Pakistan. Civil Aviation Authority Air Navigation Order (ANO 91.0032 issued in September 2008) binds all airlines operating in Pakistan to have SMS. It is the privilege of PIA, who first initiated SMS awareness and implementation in July 2008. PIA awarded initial certification on SMS in 27th February 2009 by CAA. PIA installed its first fully functional Engine Overhauling Shop, near the Head Office building, was also completed and commissioned at the same times. The PIA Training Centre previously known as The Ground Training School (GTS) was first conceived and developed during 1961-62. Initially the training was imparted in a T-shaped building which later converted into PIAs dispensary close to the Head Office building. Due to high levels of seemingly growth and visible development both in traffic and revenues in 1960s, PIA installed new equipments, adding new routes and destinations, and new technologies to support its ever-expanding operations. 1968; a new Jet Hangar for Boeing with a supporting airframe overhaul was completed and commissioned and by 1970 come up with PIAs own Flight Kitchen in Karachi, which caters, even today, to the national airline as well as other carriers. Over the years, with the airlines expansion and increased capacity, the need for a second Flight Kitchen became imperative. In early nineties PIA come up with new brighter corporate identity. In changing times PIA introduced much smarter and sportifying looks of 90s, the famous PIA green mixed and reinforced with moss green and pale blue stripes were incorporated into the new corporate identity. It was green and gold livery earlier when it was first formed back in 1974, some old-timers may remember the flutter. PIA shows its diversity by active participation and sponsoring range of national games and PIA players are always show their leading presence in Cricket, Hockey, Football, Squash, Chess, Bridges, Polo and table tennis as the stripes logo shows PIAs active participation and diversity. Early nineties progressed to a vast expansion to HAJJ and UMRAH operations and domestic flight operation to all major cities of Pakistan i.e. Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta, and Karachi. PIA undoubtedly continues its growth and now PIA operates globally, and cover the international destinations spread over 4 continents including all landscapes of domestic operations. As far as PIA is still a pretty young airline; shown some impressive graphical statistics since its foundation in 1955, PIA has indeed, come a long way.

Hedonism Essay -- Papers

Webster's dictionary defines hedonism as "the ethical doctrine that pleasure, variously conceived of in terms of happiness of the individual or of society, is the principal good and the proper aim of action" or "the theory that a person always acts is such a way as to seek pleasure and avoid pain." With this definition in mind, and with further examination of John Stuart Mill's theory on hedonism, I am going to argue that hedonism is not an exclusive or distinct way of thinking. In fact, I think that with the exception of possibly a few people, most people are very hedonistically inclined. "Hedonistic utilitarians identify happiness with feeing pleasure and avoiding pain, meaning that the more an individual enjoys pleasure and avoids pain, the happier that individual is" (phil.tamu.edu). Now, is this really a new and profound thought? If you avoid pain, you will lead a happier life? With a few exceptions, I don't know many people who see pain as enjoyment. Most people I know have made it a point to enjoy themselves in so me fasion or another, and that doesn't include the enjoyment of pain. "Mill's overall subject is the right of the indivieual to think and act for himeself of herself. For Mill this does not mean the right to think and act as you please (Castell 360). Eventhough Mill encouraged independent thought and actions, he did not justify running around and doing whatever you liked. According to the Hedonic Society, what they call Enlightened Hedonism ("a naturalistic and humanistic lifestance advocation the ration cultivation of pleasure and happiness for all") can be state... ...ve a relatively balanced life, you would include both physical and intellectual aspects of your life. Whether or not you would be labeled a "Hedonist" would remain to be seen. If you incorporate the greater needs of others into your individual immediate needs, then technically, yes, that would be Hedonism. But, I would venture to say that you would be labeled "a nice person."  Works Cited Castell, Alburey, et al., Introduction to Moern Philosophy: Examining the Human Condition. (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001). "Hedonism." Stanford University (online) www.stanford.edu/~quixote/philosophies.htm#hedonism* . (12/03/2001). "John Stuart Mill." unknown (online) *www-/ phil.tamu.edu/~gary/intro/lecture.mill_1.html. (12/03/2001). "What is Enlightened Hedonism?" Hedonic Society (online) *www.hedonicsociety.org/custom/html*. (12/03/2001)

A Critique of Henry James Washington Square :: Henry James Washington Square

A Critique of Henry James' Washington Square I will admit it; I did not like Washington Square. That said, when I read the first line to Donald Hall's afterword, I felt like throwing the book away! "Everyone likes Washington Square" (220), HA! Well not me, Mr. Hall. I am not exactly sure why I kept on reading; maybe I was feeling a little masochistic that day! So, behold my surprise when I began to come across some of the author's words that expressed many of the thoughts that I had about the novel and its characters. Luckily, I did not have to read much before some of these ideas came into play. Throughout the "critique," the author addresses not only the work itself, but also how the story came to be. I found it interesting to learn that Henry James had, in reality, only invented the character of Dr. Sloper. The other characters, as well as the novels main plot, had come from a story that James had been told. Considering the absolute realism of the novel, the fact that James had adapted it from reality makes perfect sense. The aspect of this afterword that I found the most intriguing was Hall's critique of Mrs. Penniman. "Morris Townsend is revealed as her fantasy of an oedipal lover" (230). That line really struck me for it seemed to be the first comment that I had read that was unusual and new. Anyone reading the novel could, rather quickly, deduce the general personalities of the characters. The author's observations about Catherine, Dr. Sloper and Morris do not reveal any new character dynamics. But, his ideas about Mrs. Penniman elaborate beyond the usual "annoying and selfish" remarks. Throughout the Afterword, Hall remarks about the moral conflict of the novel. The author states that "The moral force of this novel lies in the paradox of Dr. Slopers' wrong-rightnes" (224). He goes on to explain that the reader has a love-hate relationship with Dr. Sloper. You know that he is right about Morris from the beginning, but it is very difficult to overlook what a horrible and cold man he is. In part, I agree with the author's idea; it is difficult to fully despise a man who is right. But, Dr. Slopers' concerns about Catherine marrying the fortune hunting Morris seem more to be concerns over his money, rather than his daughters well being and happiness.

Christianity and Buddhism Differences Essay -- essays research papers

Task one: 1. CHRISTIANITY Main Rituals: The sacraments are the main rituals, the connections between the sacraments with Catholicism and Orthodox are, Baptism, Holy Eucharist, Matrimony, Holy orders, Extreme unction and Reconciliation. Many of the sacraments are ignored by the Anglican Church however, Baptism and the Holy Eucharist is widely encouraged. Sacred Texts: The Sacred text of Christianity is the HOLY BIBLE, and this comprises of the old testament, Jewish scriptures and the new testament from Jesus`s birth to his death which had his teachings and writings within it. The HOLY BIBLE has the original texts from over 1500 years, including that new writings have been discovered this century; we haven’t published those an example would be, The Dead Sea Scrolls. Sacred Time: Christmas being one of the most important times during the year, according to the Liturgical Calender the most important times for a Christian would be Christmas, Easter which occurs in the Easter time/Season, which is during March, April and May. This season starting with the First Sunday of Lent, which is carried out until the Pentecost, this time is to reflect on Jesus`s life and death, his resurrection and his rising into heaven. Sacred Space: Christians believe that a holy place would be their church. Her they go about the worship of God and Jesus, apart from churches services of worship can occur such as The Vatican (Catholicism). Ways of Holiness: The Types of paths followers of god may...

Philippine Presidential Elections 2016 Essay

The 2016 presidential election is one of the most talked about topic of today. To date, just more than a year from now we will again be having our new set of national leaders. It is again the time when we can use our power to vote and elect the deserving person that will eventually rule our country. The scheduled date will be on a Monday, 9th day of March, 2016. As we all know, the incumbent president Benigno Aquino III is barred from seeking re-election pursuant to 1987 Philippine Constitution. Therefore, this election will determine the 16th President of the Philippines. In recent months, we have heard so many big names that can potentially be our next Philippine president. Two of the most prominent Filipino politicians has officially declared their candidacy over presidency, both with strong will and competitiveness. Without any surprise, the current Vice President Jejomar â€Å"Jojo† Binay of the United Nationalist Alliance (UNA), our first guy on the list, confirmed his plans of running as president during an interview back in September 2011. The longest-serving Makati City Mayor, now the Vice President of the Philippines not only created a strong political dynasty but he also realizes his colossal visions. While VP Binay effortlessly made it to the list of possible and feasible presidential candidate, our next guy, a potical rival of the former, and the current Senate Majority Leader, Sir Alan Peter Cayetano, needed to closely monitor surveys to make sure he’s still in the running and viewed by the Filipinos as a viable candidate, according to a source familiar to Cayetano. The 43-year-old Senator from the Nacionalista Party (NP) is serious about running that he has to put together a team to work on campaign preparations. In a March 2013 interview on Morning’s @ ANC he said â€Å"I want to be the president of this country. I think I can do something great for God and his people.† Among other politicians who would possibly run, one is Sen. Ferdinand â€Å"Bongbong† Marcos Jr. of Nacionalista Party.

Demonstration of Critical Thinking Essay

The textbook in chapter angiotensin converting enzyme page 4 defines critical opinion as a collection of skills we custom every day that are prerequisite for our full intellectual and psycheal maturement it basically means to be sufficient to have good judgment , reach good decisions, and how to think rather than what to think. few new(prenominal) set of terms that are implant in the textbook is Affirmative exertion which is a political, and social controversy well-nigh race and equality when hiring potential employees or admitting students into a college university usually this involves minorities who may or may non have the requisite credentials or are futile to meet certain criteria for acceptance it is ground merely on a persons race, or even versed gender or some(prenominal). Sometimes affirmatory exercise end seem unsporting to Caucasians who may qualify can touch a sense of discrimination themselves it can create a hostile milieu if non dealt with pro perly Nancy Cantor a woman who is the Chancellor at The University of siege of Syracuse is in favor of affirmative military satisfy and hopes that the process go out improve in the future and create more accord and understanding and that all people will be treated with respect and dignity. screen Connerly an African-American male and college professor is not in favor of affirmative action because he thinks that it is unfair to white Americans to not to get the opportunities that they have worked hard for in their careers and in educational pursuits I ensure it difficult to choose one locating or the other however for the involvement of this assignment I reluctantly associate with Ward Connerly personal drive, responsibility, and character should be the motivation for admission and acceptance not skin color, sexual gender, or nationality. both(prenominal) sides use excellent critical thought skills on this subject however both of these privates are minorities themselves an d may have had some negative experiences in their past in career and education which may be the consideration for their points of view they are validated and can be used in the process of critical opinion.Affirmative carry out in itself is an opportunity for critical thinking skills in that you have to have an reach mind and not be a relativist thinker it involves taking positive steps to correct certain injustices against certaingroups as well as maintaining the standards set by employers and educational institutions. In June 2003, the U.S. Supreme courtyard found that the admissions policy of the University of Michigan right School, which awarded points to applicants based on race, was flawed. However, in its lowest ruling the court permitted race to be considered as one among many factors when considering individual applications for both the law school and undergrad admissions. The majority of Americans (53%) oppose college affirmative action programs that give the prefe rence in admissions to blacks and other minorities, arguing that it constitutes reverse discrimination and, as such is unjust. Proponents of affirmative action tonicity that it is a positive step in the right direction be call for work.